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Conclusions
In this paper I provide a sociological explanation for a problem I have identified in the theorization of comparative race and ethnic relations. This problem with comparative race and ethnic relations can be improved by addressing the way researchers have specified the scope and scale of the core variable ‘race and ethnic relations’ in cross-national settings. I suggest that comparative race and ethnic relations requires a reassessment of its principles and underlying premises, because past studies are insufficiently conscious of potential sources of methodological error in spite of the availability of a sophisticated comparative method. I also argue the unsuitability of U.S. American concepts of race and ethnic relations in the Japanese context, in which the ethnic stratification dimension and minority-majority relations cannot centrally account for the social configurations of ethnic minorities.